Forming molds and cores in pipe-making



(No Model.) 3 Sheets--Sheet 1.

F. SHIOKLE.

FORMING MOLDS AND UONES IN PIPE MAKING.

No. 289,035. Patented Nov. 27, 1883.

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(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

. F. SHIOKLE. FORMING MOLDS AND GONES IN PIPE MAKING. No; 289,035. Patented Nov. 27', 1883.

Inventor;

(N0 Modem 3 SheetsShet 3.

F. SHIOKLE. FORMING MOLDS AND GONES IN PIPE MAKING. No. 289,085. Patented Nov. 2'7, 1883.

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NiTsn *rnrss FREDERICK SHIQKLE, OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI.

FORMING MOLDS AND CORES EN PlPE-MAKING.

SPESIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 289,035, dated November 2'7, 1883.

Application filed May 1, 1883.

To all whom it may concern..-

Be it known that I, FREDERICK SirioKLn, of St. Louis, Missouri, have made a new and useful Improvement in Forming Molds and Coresin Pipe-Making and Similar Castings, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to theannexed drawings, making part of this specification, in which a Figure 1 is an elevation, partly in section, showing the apparatus used in forming the molds; Fig. 2, a vertical section of the lower portion of the apparatus shown in Fig. 1, but showing the pattern elevated, as when the bell part of the mold is formed; Fig. 3, a section similar to that of Fig. 2, but showing both parts of the pattern in section and the main partof the pattern elevated above the bell part, as when the sand is being compressed in the main partof the mold; Fig. 4, a plan of the stand, or plan taken on the line 44. of Fig. 2; Fig. 5, a horizontal section on the line 5 5 of Fig. 2; Fig. 6, a horizontal section on the line (5 6 of Fig. 2; Fig. '7, a detail, being avertical section, showing the relative position of the flask and the bell partof the pattern prior to the compression of the sand in the bell part of the mold; Fig. 8, a view similar to that of Fig. 7, but showing the relative position of the parts after the sand in the bell I part of the mold'ha-s been compressed; Fig. 9,

a vertical section of the upper end of the flask, showing the top ring and guides; Fig. 10, a vertical section of the upper end of the flask, showing the bead-ring and runner in position for the casting; Fig. 11, a half-plan of the parts of Fig. 9; Fig. 12, a half-plan of the parts of Fig. 19; Fig. 13, a vertical section of the upper end of the flask, showing the device used to apply the blackwash; Figs. 14, 15, 16, vertical sections showing a modification of the sand-compressing device adapted to smaller molds, Fig. 14 showing the entire pattern down, Fig. 15 showing the pattern elevated, and Fig. 16 showing the main part of the pattern elevated above the bell part 5 Fig. 17, a sectional elevation showing the apparatus used in forming the cores, a portionof the shell of the core-bar being broken away; Fig. 18, a vertical section, in parts, of the core-bar and parts immediately therewith connected; Fig. 19, a vertical section of the lower end of (No model.)

the core-forming apparatus, the view of the core-bar being at right angles to that of Fig. 18; Fig. 20, a horizontal section on the line 20 20 of Fig. 17; Fig. 21, a plan; Figs. 22 and 23, horizontal sections, showing, respectively, the sand as before and as after being compressed upon the core-bar; Figs. 24, 25, 26, 27 28, details showing the construction of the core-bar; Fig. 29, a vertical section of the upper end of the core and the device used in collecting the blackwa'sh, and Figs. 30, 31, and 32, details.

The sameletters of reference denote the same parts.

I have heretofore made an improvementin that mode of forming molds and cores wherein the material for lining the molds and coating the core is deposited cndwise thereupon. The apparatus referred to is adapted especially for clay, and it is unfitted for sand, for in forming a mold of clay it is practicable to force a conical head through the clay when abodyof it is deposited in the mold upon the head. As the head is forced upward, the clay readily parts and flows around the head, and is deposited upon the mold but wh enit is attempted to use sand in connection with such a head the sand becomes wedged around the head and the apparatus becomes inoperative.

To provide an apparatus adapted to sand is the aim of the improvement, which consists, substantially, as follows: In place of a head, and instead of allowing the sand to extend across the interioroi the mold above the head, the sand, previous to its being compressed, is held in an annular form against the shell of the mold throughout its lengththat is, prior to the application thereto of pressure the sand from the bottom to the top of the mold is arranged in the form of a tubular lining, the thickness of which is as much greater than that of the-finished lining as the sand in practice is compressed. This tube of loose sand is held in place by means of a cylinder,which extends from the bottom to the top of the mold, and which, at its lower end, has a tapered enlargement or collar, the diameter of which is equal to that of the finished mold. The cylinder and its enlargement or collar are adapted to be moved together, and as one part, and the tubular body of sand is compressed, and the sand lining suitably form ed in the mold by forcing the cylinder, with its enlargement or 001- lar, longitudinally through the sand. That portion of the compressor which is above the tapered enlargement serves to hold the sand in position to be compressed, and the enlarged portion of the compressor acts to compress the sand. \Vhen other than a cylindrical lining is formed, the cylinder and enlargement above referred to are suitably modified in cross-section to suit the crosssectional shape of the mold, and when a mold for a pipe having a bell end is to be formed the sand-conr pressing device may be provided with a spe cial attachment for compressing the'sand in the bell part of the mold.

A, Figs. 1, 2, 3, represents a flask adapted for carrying out the improvement. Saving as modified by the improvement, the flask is of the customary form. As shown, the flask is arranged for casting the pipe with the bell end downward. The flask rests upon a stand, B, being suitably and detachably secured thereto by means of the fastenings I) b. The stand, in turn, should be suitably secured to a fixed support. A convenient method is to attach the stand to the legs I) I) and fasten the legs to the foundation 0.

D represents the device for forming the sand lining in the mold. It is composed, substantially, of the main cylindrical portion (1 and the tapered enlargement (Z. The last namedpart, d, is, in practice, secured to the part d by means of the bolts d (P, the bolts at their lower ends being attached to an extension. (1", of the part (1, substantially as shown in Figs. 2, The compressor, in effecting its work, may be drawn or forced upward through the flask.

As shown inFigs. 1, 2, 3, the compressor is operated by means of the ram E, which is adapted to work upward and downward through the foundation 0, and is provided with a tapering head, 6, that is fitted to engage in a socket in the extension (1 of the compressor. I do not desire, however, to be confined to any special mode of connecting the parts d and d, nor the compressor and rain.

F represents the part that is operated in connection with the compressor for the purpose of fori'ning the bell portion of the mold. It is annular in form, and the shape of the ring in cross-section is shownin Figs. 2, 3, 7, 8. It is fitted to be slipped upward and downward in the stand 13, and at its upper end, f, it is shaped suitably, and substantially as shown, to form, when elevated, the bell part of the mold. The part F, in forming the bell part of the mold, is preferably connected with the compressor D, so as to be movedtherewith. This is accomplished, preferably, by means of the pins ff, which pass through perforations in the part F, and project into agroovc, d", in Then, when the compressor is lifted, it encounters the pins, and the part F rises with the compressor.

The operation of the device as thus far described is as follows: The compressor being suitably centered in the flask, as in Fig. 1, the annular space between the parts (I d F and the flask-A is filled with sand, as shown at G, Fig. 1. The compressor D and part F, by means of the ram E, are then lifted, and so as to compress the sand in the bell part a of the flask. In doing this the parts are moved from the position shown in Figs. 1, 7 into that shown in Figs. 2, 8. As the parts rise, the shoulder f upon the part F encounters the shoulder b of the stand B, preventing the further upward movement of the compressor and part F. The part F is provided with the pins f f, which project outward through the slots [1 b in the part B, and as the part F rises the pins f f move from the position shown in Figs. 1, 30 upward into the position shown in Figs. 2, 3, 31. Blocks H H, Fig. 31, are then inserted in the portion 1) of the slots, serving thereby to support and uphold the pinsf f and, through the pins, the part F. The sand in the bell part of the mold being compressed, the compressing of the sand in the main portion a of the flask is now proceeded with. For this purpose the part F must now be detached from the compressor D. Accordingly, the'pins ff are withdrawn from the groove (1", and, if desired, entirely withdrawn, as indicated in Fig. 3. The stand B is suitably cut away at b, to provide room for the outer end of the pins as the part F is lifted, as above described. The compressor is now free of the part F, and the last-named part, by means of the pinsf f and blocks H H, remains supported upon the stand 13. The compressor is then moved upward through the flask. The main portion cZ-of the compressor serves, as stated, to hold a tubular body of sand inplace against the shell of the flask. This tubular body of sand is just enough, when the operation is properly effected, to form the flasklining, and it only needs to be compressed laterally against the shell of the flask. To effect this compression is the function of the tapered enlargement or collar (1. The difference in the diameters of the part (I and the part (1 is the extent to which the sand is compressed. The compressor d d is forced or drawn upward through the fiask, and the'diameter of tubular body of sand is thereby enlarged to the diameter of the part (1. The movement of the part d is guided partly by the rollers I I, which are journaled in the arms i i. The latter, in turn, are journaled at i t" in the ring J upon the top of the flask. XVhen the enlargement d comes against the rollers, the keys 1' are removed and the arms 2' i are turned thefiask, the sand is forced into the spacej, be-

- the mold.

bind the flange j. After or as the part (1 is withdrawn from the flask, the ring J is removed, leaving an impression in the sand correspond ing to the shape of the flange j The bead-ring K is inserted in the outerportion of this space, but leaving an unoccupied space just within the upperpart of the bead-rin g. The runner L, Figs. 10, 12, is then placed upon the top of the flask and bead-ring. The runner has a flange, Z,

which fits into the (hitherto) unoccupied space within the bead-ring, and the flange and ring together serve to complete the mold at its up per end. The pipe may then, after inserting the core, be cast in the usual manner. The mold is dried in the usual manner, and at the proper stage of the operation. I

The blackwash is applied as follows: M, Fig. 13, represents a disk or plunger coinciding in diameter with the internal diameter of the mold after the sand has been compressed. The blackwash is poured into the mold upon the disk, and the disk is then, by suitable means-such as the chains m on, leading from the disk over a bearing, m'elevated through The blackwash flows against and is applied to the sand lining as the disk rises, the application of the blackwash to the lining being promoted by giving a conical shape to the disk, substantially asshown. If there is a surplus of blackwash after the disk has reached the top of the mold, it overflows, and is caught in the trough m This trough and the arch m, which supports the bearing in, may be connected, and they may be attached to a ring, m, which, when the blackwashing device is being used, is fitted into a depression, j", in the ring J.

In Figs. 14;, 15, 16 a modification oi the compressor is shown, the modification being adapted to molds for smaller pipes. In this case the part F is upheld upon the compressor D by means of the pin f, Figs. 14, 15, and

after the part F has been elevated tocompress the sand in the bell part of the mold the pin f 6 is withdrawn, whereupon the compressor can be drawn upward into the mold, as shown in Fig. 16. The part F, when detached from the compressor, is upheld by means of the pin f which is passed through the stand 13 into a lug, f", upon the part F.

The application of the improvement to the forming of the cores will now be described.

N, Figs. 17, 18, represents the core-bar. It consists, mainly, of the cylinder a, the bottom a, the top bar, a, and the. tie rod The core-bar, in forming the core, rests upon and is secured to a stand, 0, which, in turn, is secured to a suitable foundation. The bottom it rests in a socket, 0, in the stand 0, and is secured thereto by means of the bolt and keys 0 0. The cylinder it rests upon the bottom a, the top bar, 92 rests upon the cylinder, and the cylinder n, bottom a, and top bar, a", are fastened together by means of the tie-rod a, and as follows The bottom a" is provided with a staple, n 7 The tie-rod, at its lower end, is forked, terminating in the eyes 12 of, Figs. '18, 19. The eyes and staple are brought into engagement, and by means of the bolt'n the various parts of the core-bar are connected. The core-bar being in place upon the stand, acylinder, 1?, Figs. 17, 18,19, islowered around it, and the tubular space Q, Fig. 18, is filled with the sand It. The cylinder 1 extends from the bottom to the top of the core-bar, and in diameter is enough larger than the core-bar cylinder to contain just enough sand to form the desired coating upon the core-bar. At its lower end the cylinder is provided with a ring, 1?, which is attached to the cylinder say by means of the bolts p p. The ring is used to compress the sand againstthe corebar. Its internal diameter at the narrowest point is equal to the diameter of the finished core. Its office is to compress the sand It laterally againstt-he cylinder 01. To this end it is made suitably strong, and it enlarges to ward its upper end until it coincides in diameter with the cylinder 1?. During the introduction of the loose sand into the tubular space Q, the cylinder P and ring P rest upon the pins S S, Figs. 17, 20, after which the cylinder and ring are, and by an y suitable meanssuch as a lift attached to cars pp'-drawn upward until the ring P has cleared the corebar. The ring P, as it rises, compresses and contracts the sand upon the core-bar cylinder, reducing the sand from the thickness indicated in Fig. 22 to the thickness of the finished coating indicated in Fig. 23. The blackwash is held in an annular hopper, T, Figs. 18, 19, 29, which, after the coating has been formed upon the core-bar, is by any suitable means drawn upward upon the core. The wash flows from the hopper into the core, and any surplus remaining in the hopper when it clears the top of the core is caught in the pan T, Fig. 29, which for that purpose rests in the top of the core, as shown. To support the pan T, it is furnished with a flange, t, which is adapted to fit the top of the core. The pan is suitably shaped at its center i to admit the tierod n". The chains t if, for elevating the hopper T, are conveniently passed over a bearing, t", which in turn is supported upon the pan T, substantially as shown in Fig. 29. hen the core has been used, it is desirable to be able to readily contract the core-bar cylinder in order to separate it from the coating. To this end the cylinder 12- is made substantially as shown in Figs. 24,27. The cylinder is divided vertically at 11- and at one side of the opening, and upon the inner side of the cylinder, is provided with the nut n and at the other side with the stud of. A plate, a having the lugs n a, and slotted at n a to receive the nut a and the stud 01. respectively, is arranged substantially as shown in Figs. 24, 25, 26. A rod, it, having the shoulders n a, and threaded at it, passes through the lugs n a and the nut a. The slot or is inclined as shown, and when the rod a is rotated the plate moves upward or downward, and the stud and nut are drawn together or opened apart as the rod is turned, and the cylinder n thereby collapsed or expanded. In practice the plate a is extended from the top to the bottom of the cylinder a. To relieve the studs and nuts from strain when the core is contracted by the cooled casting, the plate a is made to work between the shoulders a a. To guide the cylinder at in contracting and expanding it, the cylinder at one side of the opening a is provided with a strip, a, which is adapted to work between strips a a" on the other side of the opening. A strip, a, Fig. 24, is employed to keep the sand from entering the opening at if. lVhen the fastenings i are loosened, as above described, the ring J is held in place by means of bolts passed through the flask-flange and ring at f, Fig. 11. These bolts last referred to are in practice the means chiefly relied on for confining the ring J.

To the success of the present mode of lining molds or coating core-bars it is essential that the flask or core-bar be arranged vertically, and that the tubular body of sand be placed within the flask or upon the core-bar before the compression of the sand is initiated-that is, the full amount of sand needed for making the lining or coating must be placed in position before the compressing device is broughtinto operation. Further, it is essential that the compressor shall be moved upward, and not downward, in compressing the sand, for if downward the loose sand is apt to be dislodged and to drop lower down in the flask, causing the casting to be imperfect, and at the extreme lower end of the mold or core the sand is liable to be broken and carried down with the compressor, and the mold or core in consequence to be ruined.

I claim 1. The herein-described mode of lining a mold, the same-consisting in placing the ma terial used in lining the mold in a tubular form in the mold-flask, and then compressing the material against the flask, said flask being arranged vertically, and the sand being applied thereto throughout its height before being compressed, and the compression being accomplished by moving the compressor upward, asdescribed, from the lower to the upper end of the flask.

2. The herein-described mode of coating a core-bar, the same consisting in placing thematerial used in coating the core-bar in a tubular form upon the core-bar and then compressing the material thereupon, said core-bar being arranged vertically, the sand being applied thereto throughout its height before being compressed, and the compression being effected by moving the compressing-cylinder upward from the lower to the upper end of the core-bar, as described.

3. The combination of the flask A,- the compressor D, the stand B, the part F, and the pinsf f f f substantially as described.

4;. The combination of the stand B, having the slots b b the part F, the pins f f and the blocks H H, substantially as described.

5. The combination of the stand 13, having the shoulder 12, and the part F, having the shoulder f as and for the purpose described.

6. The combination of the flask A, the part d, and the guide II, substantially as described.

7. The combination of the flask A, the parts d and d, and the ring J, having the flange j, substantially as described.

8. The combination of the flask A, the beadring K, and the runner L, having the flange Z, as and for the purpose described.

9. The combination of the flask A, the disk M, and the trough m substantially as de scribed.

10. The combination of the flask A, the ring J, having the depression j the disk M, and the parts on m, substantially as described.v

11. The combination of the core-bar N, the cylinder P, and the ring P, said ring and cylinder being attached to each other, substantially as described.

12. The combination of the stand 0, having the socket o, the core-bar N, and the key 0 0 0 substantially as described.

13. The combination of the stand 0, the ring P, the pan T, and the pins, substantially as described.

14. The combination of the stand 0, the ring P, the cylinder P, the core-bar N, and the pins, substantially as described.

15. The combination of the core-bar N, the pan T, and the hopper T, substantially as described.

FREDER-IGK SHIOKLE.

'Witnesses:

O. D. MooDY, Tnos'. L. JONES. 

